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INTER-STATE WATER DISPUTES ACT 1956

ACT NO. 33 OF 1956 1*

[28th August, 1956.]

Short title and extent.

1. Short title and extent. (1) This Act may be called the Inter- State Water Disputes Act, 1956.

(2) It extends to the whole of India.

Definitions. 2. Definitions. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,-- (a) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act; (b) "Tribunal" means a Water Disputes Tribunal constituted under section 4; (c) "water dispute" means any dispute or difference between two or more State Governments with respect to-- (i) the use, distribution or control of the waters of, or in, any inter-State river or river valley; or (ii) the interpretation of the terms of any agreement relating to the use, distribution or control of such waters or the implementation of such agreement; or (iii) the levy of any water rate in contravention of the prohibition contained in section 7.

Complaints by State Governments as to water disputes. appears to the Government of any State that a water dispute with the Government of another State has arisen or is likely to arise by reason of the fact that the interests of the State, or of any of the inhabitants thereof, in the waters of an inter-State river or river valley have been, or are likely to be, affected prejudicially by-- (a) any executive action or legislation taken or passed, or proposed to be taken or passed, by the other State; or (b) the failure of the other State or any authority therein to exercise any of their powers with respect to the use, distribution or control of such waters; or ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. The Act has been extended to Dadra and Nagar Haveli by Reg. 6 of 1963, s. 2 and Sch. 1 and to Pondicherry by Reg. 7 of 1963, s. 3 and Sch. I. 294 (c) the failure of the other State to implement the terms of any agreement relating to the use, distribution or control of such waters, the State Government may, in such form and manner as may be prescribed, request the Central Government to refer the water dispute to a Tribunal for adjudication.

Constitution of Tribunal.

4. Constitution of Tribunal. (1) When any request under section 3 is received from any State Government in respect of any water dispute and the Central Government is of opinion that the water dispute cannot be settled by negotiations, the Central Government shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute a Water Disputes Tribunal for the adjudication of the water dispute.

1*[(2) The Tribunal shall consist of a Chairman and two other members nominated in this behalf by the Chief Justice of India from among persons who at the time of such nomination are Judges of the Supreme Court or of a High Court.]

(3) The Tribunal may appoint two or more persons as assessors to advise it in the proceeding before it.

Adjudication of water disputes.

5. Adjudication of water disputes. (1) When a Tribunal has been constituted under section 4, the Central Government shall, subject to the prohibition contained in section 8, refer the water dispute and any matter appearing to be connected with, or relevant to, the water dispute to the Tribunal for adjudication.

(2) The Tribunal shall investigate the matters referred to it and foward to the Central Government a report setting out the facts as found by it and giving its decision on the matters referred to it.

(3) If, upon consideration of the decision of the Tribunal, the Central Government or any State Government is of opinion that anything therein contained requires explanation or that guidance is needed upon any point not originally referred to the Tribunal, the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, may, within three months from the date of the decision, again refer the matter to the Tribunal for further consideration; and on such reference, the Tribunal may forward to the Central Government a further report giving such explanation or guidance as it deems fit and in such a case, the decision of the Tribunal shall be deemed to be modified accordingly.

2*[(4) If the members of the Tribunal differ in opinion on any point, the point shall be decided according to the opinion of the majority.] 5A. Filling of vacancies. 3*[5A. Filling of vacancies. If, for any reason a vacancy (other than a temporary absence) occurs in the office of the Chairman or any other member of a Tribunal, ----------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Subs. by Act 35 of 1968, s. 2, for sub-section (2). 2. Ins. by s. 3, ibid. 3. Ins. by s. 4, ibid. 295 such vacancy shall be filled by a person to be nominated in this behalf by the Chief Justice of India in accordance with the provisions

of sub-section (2) of section 4, and the investigation of the matter referred to the Tribunal may be continued by the Tribunal after the vacancy is filled and from the stage at which the vacancy occurred.]

Publication of decision of Tribunal. 6. Publication of decision of Tribunal. The Central Government shall publish the decision of the Tribunal in the Official Gazette and the decision shall be final and binding on the parties to the dispute and shall be given effect to by them. 6A. Power to make schemes to implement decision of Tribunal. 1*[6A. Power to make schemes to implement decision of Tribunal.

(1) Without prejudice to the provisions of section 6, the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, frame a scheme or schemes whereby provision may be made for all matters necessary to give effect to the decision of a Tribunal.

(2) A scheme framed under sub-section (1) may provide for-- (a) the establishment of any authority (whether described as such or as a committee or other body) for the implementation of the decision or directions of the Tribunal; (b) the composition, jurisdiction, powers and functions of the authority, the term of office and other conditions of service of, the procedure to be followed by, and the manner of filling vacancies among, the members of the authority; (c) the holding of a minimum number of meetings of the authority every year, the quorum for such meetings and the procedure thereat; (d) the appointment of any standing, ad hoc or other committees by the authority; (e) the employment of a Secretary and other staff by the authority, the pay and allowances and other conditions of service of such staff; (f) the constitution of a fund by the authority, the amounts that may be credited to such fund and the expenses to which the fund may be applied; (g) the form and the manner in which accounts shall be kept by the authority; (h) the submission of an annual report by the authority of its activities; (i) the decisions of the authority which shall be subject to review; (j) the constitution of a committee for making such review and the procedure to be followed by such committee; and (k) any other matter which may be necessary or proper for the effective implementation of the decision or directions of the Tribunal.

(3) In making provision in any scheme framed under sub-section

(1) for the establishment of an authority for giving effect to the decision of a Tribunal, the Central Government may, having regard to the nature of the jurisdiction, powers and functions required to be vested in such authority in accordance with such decision and all other relevant circumstances, declare in the said scheme that such authority shall, under the name specified in the said scheme, have capacity to acquire, hold and dispose of property, enter into contracts, sue and be sued and do all such acts as may be necessary for the proper exercise and discharge of its jurisdiction, powers and functions.

(4) A scheme may empower the authority to make, with the previous approval of the Central Government, regulations for giving effect to the purposes of the scheme.

(5) The Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, add to, amend, or vary, any scheme framed under sub-section

(1).

(6) Every scheme framed under this section shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in any law for the time being in force (other than this Act) or any instrument having effect by Virtue of any law other than this Act.

(7) Every scheme and every regulation made under a scheme shall be laid, as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the scheme or the regulation or both Houses agree that the scheme or the regulation should not be made, the scheme or the regulation shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that scheme or regulation."]

Prohibition of levy of seigniorage, etc.

7. Prohibition of levy of seigniorage, etc. (1) No State Government shall, by reason only of the fact that any works for the conservation, regulation or utilisation of water resources of an inter-State river have been constructed within the limits of the State, impose, or authorize the imposition of, any seigniorage or additional rate or fee (by whatever name called) in respect of the use of such water by any other State of the inhabitants thereof.

(2) Any dispute or difference between two or more State Governments with respect to the levy of any water rate in

contravention of the prohibition contained in sub-section (1) shall be deemed to be a water dispute.

Bar of reference of certain disputes to Tribunal. 8. Bar of reference of certain disputes to Tribunal. Notwithstanding anything contained in section 3 or section 5, no reference shall be made to a Tribunal of any dispute that may arise regarding any matter which may be referred to arbitration under the River Boards Act, 2*[1956] (49 of 1956).

Powers of Tribunal.

9. Powers of Tribunal. (1) The Tribunal shall have the same powers as are vested in a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), in respect of the following matters, namely:-- (a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath; (b) requiring the discovery and production of documents and material objects; (c) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or for local investigation; (d) any other matter which may be prescribed.

(2) The Tribunal may require any State Government to carry out, or permit to be carried out, such surveys and investigation as may be considered necessary for the adjudication of any water dispute pending before it.

(3) A decision of the Tribunal may contain directions as to the Government by which the expenses of the Tribunal and any costs incurred ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Ins. by Act 45 of 1980, s. 2. 2. Subs. by Act 36 of 1957, s. 3 and Sch, II, for "1955". 296 by any State Government in appearing before the Tribunal are to be paid, and may fix the amount of any expenses or costs to be so paid, and so far as it relates to expenses or costs, may be enforced as if it were an order made by the Supreme Court.

(4) 1*[Subject to the provisions of this Act and any rules that may be made thereunder], the Tribunal may, by order, regulate its practice and procedure.

Allowances or fees for Chairman of Tribunal and assessors. 10. Allowances or fees for Chairman of Tribunal and assessors. 2*[The Chairman and other members of a Tribunal] and the assessors shall be entitled to receive such remuneration, allowances or fees as may be prescribed.

Bar of jurisdiction of Supreme Court and other courts. 11. Bar of jurisdiction of Supreme Court and other courts. Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, neither the Supreme Court nor any other court shall have or exercise jurisdiction in respect of any water dispute which may be referred to a Tribunal under this Act.

Dissolution of Tribunal. 12. Dissolution of Tribunal. The Central Government shall dissolve the Tribunal after it has forwarded its report and as soon as the Central Government is satisfied that no further reference to the Tribunal in the matter would be necessary.

Power to make rules.

13. Power to make rules. (1) The Central Government, after consultation with the State Governments, may, by notification in the Official Gazette, make rules to carry out the purposes of this Act.

(2) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:-- (a) the form and manner in which a complaint as to any water dispute may be made by any State Government, (b) the matters in respect of which a Tribunal may be vested with the powers of a civil court: (c) the procedure to be followed by a Tribunal under this Act; (d) the remuneration, allowances or fees payable to 3*[the Chairman and other members] of a Tribunal and assessors; (e) the terms and conditions of service of officers of the Tribunal; (f) any other matter which has to be, or may be, prescribed. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Subs. by Act 35 of 1968, s. 5. for "Subject to any rules that may be made under this Act". 2. Subs. by s. 6, ibid., for "The presiding officer of a Tribunal". 3. Subs. by s. 7, ibid., for "the presiding officer". 296A

1*[(3) Every rule made under this section shall be laid as soon as may be after it is made, before each House of Parliament while it is in session for a total period of thirty days, 2*[which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid] both Houses agree in making any modification in the rule or both Houses agree that the rule should not be made, the rule shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that rule.]

Constitution of Ravi and Beas Waters Tribunal.

3*[14. Constitution of Ravi and Beas Waters Tribunal. (1) Notwithstanding anything contained in the foregoing provisions of this Act, the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, constitute a Tribunal under this Act, to be known as the Ravi and Beas Waters Tribunal for the verification and adjudication of the matters referred to in paragraphs 9.1 and 9.2, respectively, of the Punjab Settlement.

(2) When a Tribunal has been constituted under sub-section (1),

the provisions of sub-sections (2) and (3) of section 4, sub-sections

(2), (3) and (4) of section 5 and sections 5A to 13 (both inclusive) of this Act relating to the constitution, jurisdiction, powers, authority and bar of jurisdiction shall, so far as may be, but subject

to sub-section (3) hereof, apply to the constitution, jurisdiction, powers, authority and bar of jurisdiction in relation to the Tribunal

constituted under sub-section (1).

(3) When a Tribunal has been constituted under sub-section (1), the Central Government alone may suo motu or at the request of the concerned State Government refer the matters specified in paragraphs 9.1 and 9.2 of the Punjab Settlement to such Tribunal. Explanation.--For the purposes of this section, "Punjab Settlement" means the Memorandum of Settlement signed at New Delhi on the 24th day of July, 1985.] ----------------------------------------------------------------------

1. Subs. by Act 35 of 1968, s. 7, for sub-section (3). 2. Subs. by Act 45 of 1980, s. 3. 3. Ins. by Act 20 of 1986, s. 2.