The Government of India and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, desiring to conclude an Agreement
for the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to duties on the estates of deceased persons,
have agreed as follows :
Article I
The duties which are the subject of the present Agreement are
(a) In India, the estate duty imposed under the Estate Duty Act, 1953 (No. 34 of 1953), and
(b) In the United Kingdom, the estate duty imposed in Great Britain.
Article II
(1) In the present Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires
(a) the term 'India' means all the States, and territories in the Union of India;
(b) The term 'United Kingdom' means Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
(c) The term 'Great Britain' means England, Wales, and Scotland and does not include the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man;
(d) The term 'Territory when used in relation to one or the other Contracting Government means India or Great Britain, as the context
requires;
(e) The term 'duty' means the estate duty imposed in India or the estate duty imposed in Great Britain as the.context requires.
(2) For the purposes of the present Agreement, the question whether a deceased person was at the time of his death domiciled in any
part of the territory of one of the Contracting Governments shall be determined in accordance with the law in force in that territory.
(3) In the application of the provisions of the present Agreement by either Contracting Government, and term not otherwise defined
shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which it has under the law of that Contracting Government relating
to duty.
Article III
(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this Article, duty shall not be imposed in India on the death of a person who was not domiciled at
the time of his death in any part of India but was domiciled in some part of Great Britain on any property situated outside India
: Provided that nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the imposition of duty in India on-
(a) any settled property of which the deceased was life tenant where the settlor was domiciled in India at the time the settlement
took effect; or
(b) property that passess under a disposition or devolution regulated by the law of some part of India.
(2) Nothing in the present Agreement shall affect any provision of the law of India imposing duty on shares in or debentures of a
company incorporated outside India which carries on business in India and which has been treated for the purposes of the Indian Income-tax
Act, 1922 (XI of 1922), as resident in India for two out of the three completed assessments immediately preceding the death; nor
shall anything in the present Agreement be considered to confer a right to a credit against duty so imposed for any duty imposed
in Great Britain on any such shares or debentures.
(3) Duty shall not be imposed in Great Britain on the death of a person who was not domiciled at the time of his death in any part
of Great Britain but was domiciled in some part of India on any property situated outside Great Britain :
Provided that nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the imposition of duty in Great Britain on any property which passes under a
disposition or devolution regulated by the law of some part of Great Britain.
Article IV
(1) Subject to paragraph (2) of this Article, where a person was at the time of his death domiciled in any part of the territory of
one of the Contracting Governments, the suits of any property which for the purposes of duty passes or is deemed to pass on his death
shall, for the purposes of the imposition of duty and of the credit to be allowed under Article 6, be determined exclusively in accordance
with the rules in Article 5 of the present Agreement.
(2) Paragraph (1) of this Article shall apply if, and only if, apart from the said Article 5-
(a) duty would be imposed on the property under the law of each of the Contracting Governments; or
(b) duty would be imposed on the property under the law of one of the Contracting Governments and would, but for some specific exemption,
also be imposed thereon under the law of the other Contracting Government.
Article V
The rules referred to in paragraph (1) of Article 4 are:
(a) Rights or interests (otherwise than by way of security) in or over immovable property shall be deemed to be situated at the place
where such property is located;
(b) Rights or interests (otherwise than by way of security) in or over tangible movable property other than such property for which
specific provision is hereinafter made, and in or over bank or currency notes, other forms of currency recognised as legal tender
in the place of issue, negotiable bills of exchange and negotiable promissory notes, shall be deemed to be situated at the place
where such property, notes, currency or documents are located at the time of death of the deceased person or if in transitu, at the
place of destination.
(c) Debts, secured or unsecured and whether under seal or not, excluding the forms of indebtedness for which specific provision is
made therein, shall be deemed to be situated at the place where the debtor was residing at the time of death of the deceased person;
Provided that, if the interest on any such debt was chargeable to income-tax under the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922 (XI of 1922),
as having accrued or arisen in India, the debt shall be deemed to be situated in India.
(d) Bank accounts shall be deemed to be situated at the branch at which the account was kept;
(e) Securities issued by any government or by any local or public authority shall be deemed, if in bearer form, to be situated at
the, place where they were located at the time of the deceased's death and if inscribed or registered, at the place of inscription
or registration : Provided that Sterling securities issued by the Government of India or of any State in India, or by any local or
public authority in India, shall be deemed to be situated in the territory in which the deceased was domiciled at the time of his
death;
(f) Shares, stock, debentures or debentures stock in a company (including any such property held by a nominee, whether the beneficial
ownership is evidenced by scrip certificates or otherwise) shall be deemed to be situated at the place where the company was incorporated;
(g) Money payable under a policy of assurance or insurance, whether under seal or not, shall be deemed to be situated at the place
where the policy provides that the moneys shall be payable or, in the absence of any such provision, at the head office of the company
issuing the policy;
(h) An interest in a partnership shall be deemed to be situated at the place where the business is carried on; and if the business
is carried on at more than one place an appropriate proportion of the interest shall be deemed to be situated at each of those places;
(i) Goodwill as a trade business of professional asset shall be deemed to be situated at the place where the trade, business or profession
to which it pertains is carried on ; and if a trade, business or profession is carried on at more than one place an appropriate proportion
of the goodwill shall be deemed to be situated at each of those places;
(j) Ships and aircraft and shares thereof shall be deemed to be situated at the place of registration of the ship or aircraft;
(k) Patents, trade marks and designs shall be deemed to be situated at the place where they are registered;
(1) Copyright, franchises and rights or licences to use any copyrighted material, patent trade mark or design shall be deemed to be
situated at the place where the rights, arising therefrom are exercisable;
(m) Rights or causes of action ex-delicto surviving for the benefit of the estate of a deceased person shall be deemed to be situated
at the place where such rights or causes of action arose;
(n) A judgment debt shall be deemed to be situated where the judgment is recorded : Provided that where the judgment was given in
proceedings instituted to enforce a debt which, had it passed on the death, would have fallen within paragraph (e) of this Article,
the judgment debt shall be deemed to be situated where that debt would have been situated;
(o) Any other right or interest shall-
(i) Where the deceased person was domiciled at the date of his death in the territory of only one of the Contracting Governments,
be deemed to be situated at the place determined by the law in force in the territory of the other Contracting Government;
(ii) Where the deceased person was domiciled at the date of his death in the territory of both Contracting Governments, be deemed
to be situated-
(aa) for the purposes of the imposition of duty in India, at the place determined by the law in force in India, and
(bb) for the purposes of the imposition of duty in Great Britain, at the place determined by the law in force in England or Scotland
as the case may be.
Article VI
(1) Where one Contracting Government imposes duty on any property which is not situated in its territory but is situated in the territory
of the other Contracting Government, the former Government shall allow against so much of its duty (as otherwise computed) as is
attributable to that property a credit (not exceeding the amount of the duty so attributable) equal to so much of the duty imposed
in the territory of the other Contracting Government as is attributable to such property.
(2) Where each Contracting Government imposes duty on any property which is situated-
(a) in the territory of both Governments, or
(b) outside both territories.
Each Government shall allow against so much of its duty (as otherwise computed) as is attributable to that property a credit which
bears the same proportion to the amount of its duty so attributable or to the amount of the other Contracting Government's duty attributable
to the same property, whichever is the less, as the former amount bears to the sum of both amounts.
(3) For the purposes of this Article, the amount of the duty of a Contracting Government attributable to any property shall be ascertained
after taking into account any credit, allowance or relief, or any remission or reduction of duty, otherwise than in respect of duty
payable in the territory of the other Contracting Government.
Article VII
(1) Any claim for a credit or for a refund of duty founded on the provisions of the present Agreement shall be made within six years
from the date of death of the deceased person in respect of whose estate the claim is made, or, in the case of a reversionary interest
where payment of duty is deferred until the date on which the interest falls into possession within six years from that date.
(2) Any such credit allowed or refund made shall be allowed or made without payment of interest on the amount credited or refunded.
Article VIII
(1) The taxation authorities of the Contracting Governments shall exchange such information (being information available under the
respective taxation laws of the Contracting Governments) as is necessary for carrying out the provisions of the present Agreement
or for the prevention of fraud or the administration of statutory provisions against legal avoidance in relation to the duties which
are the subject of the present Agreement. Any information so exchanged shall be treated as secret and shall not be disclosed to any
person other than those concerned with the administration, assessment and collection of the duties which are the subject of the present
Agreement. No information shall be exchanged which might disclose any trade secret or trade process.
(2) As used in this Article, the term "taxation authorities" means-
(a) in the case of India, the Central Board of Revenue or their authorised representative;
(b) in the case of Great Britain, the Commissioners of Inland Revenue or their authorised representative; in the case of Northern
Ireland (to which the present Agreement applies under Article X), the Minister of Finance or his authorised representative;
(d) in the case of any territory to which the present Agreement is extended under Article IX, the competent authority for the administration
in such territory of the duties to which the present Agreement applies.
Article IX
(1) The present Agreement may be extended, either in its entirety or with modifications, to any territory for whose international
relations the United Kingdom is responsible and which imposes duties substantially similar in character to those which are the subject
of the present Agreement, and any such extension, shall take effect from such date and subject to such modifications and conditions
(including conditions as to termination) as may be specified and agreed between the Contracting Governments in notes to be exchanged
for this purpose.
(2) The termination in respect of India or the United Kingdom of the present Agreement under Article XII shall, unless otherwise expressly
agreed by the Contracting Governments, terminate the application of the Agreement to any territory to which it has been extended
under this Article.
Article X
The present Agreement shall apply in relation to the estate duty imposed in Northern Ireland as it applies in relation to the estate
duty in Great Britain, but shall be separately terminable in respect of Northern Ireland by the same procedure as is laid down in
Article XII.
Article XI
The present Agreement shall come into force on the date on which the last of all such things shall have been done in India and the
United Kingdom as are necessary to give the Agreement the force of law in India and the United Kingdom respectively, and the Agreement
shall be effective only as to-
(a) the estates of persons dying on or after such date; and
(b) the estate of any person dying before such date and after the 15th October, 1953, where the accountable person elects that the
provisions of the present Agreement shall be applied to such estate.
Article XII
(1) The present Agreement shall remain in force for not less than three years after the date of its coming into force.
(2) If, not less than six months before the expiration of such period of three years, neither of the Contracting Governments shall
have given to the other Contracting Government written notice through diplomatic channels of its intention to terminate the present
Agreement, the Agreement shall remain in force after such period of three years until either of the Contracting Governments shall
have given written notice of such intention, in which event the present Agreement shall not be effective as to the estates of persons
dying on or after the date (not being earlier than the sixtieth day after the date of such notice) specified in such notice, or,
if no date is specified, on or after the sixtieth day after the date of such notice.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorised thereto, have signed the present Agreement.
DONE at New Delhi, in duplicate, the 3rd day of April, 1956.
For the Government of India,
(Sd.) MANILAL C. SHAH.
For the Government of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
(Sd.) MALCOLM McDONALD.
(Notification No. 21, E.D. Dated, the 2nd April, 1956.)
In pursuance of the Explanation to Section 30 of the Estate Duty Act, 1953 (XXXIV) of 1953, the Central Government hereby declares the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to be a reciprocating
country for the purposes of the said Act.
(Notification No. 38, E.D., dated the 30th June, 1956)
In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 30 of the Estate Duty Act, 1953 (XXXIV of 1953), the Central Government hereby fixes the 30th June, 1956, as the date on which the Agreement, dated the 3rd April,
1956, entered into between Government of India and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for
the avoidance of double taxation and prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to duties on the estates of deceased persons and annexed
hereto shall come into force.
